Present and future land surface and wet bulb temperatures in the Arabian Peninsula

Abstract The Arabian Peninsula exhibits extreme hot summers and has one of the world’s largest population growths. We use satellite observations reanalysis as well climate model projections to analyze morning evening land surface temperatures (LSTs), refer processes at surface, wet bulb (WBTs) measure human heat stress. focus on three regions: Persian Gulf Oman, inland capital Saudi Arabia, Riyadh irrigated agricultural region in Al-Jouf, Arabia. This study shows that time day is important when studying LST WBT, with current future WBT higher early summer evenings. It also effect humidity brought from waterbodies or through irrigation can significantly increase Over coasts Peninsula, decreases but increases stress via values than 25 °C evening. Riyadh, located heart lower 15 °C–17.5 reaching 42.5 °C. Irrigation Al-Jouf province by up 10° respect its surroundings, while it 2.5°. Climate over suggest global efforts will determine survivability this region. projected are +6 +4 °C, respectively, end century, posing significant risks unless strict mitigation takes place.